Did the browser page then go “you can close the window now”?
Or did it hang?
Worse case you ran into a twitch-cli weird so you can just go and build the proper oAuth flow instead of the TwitchCLI for testing.
The TwitchCLI generally doesn’t expose the token to you as it’s for use internally by the TwitchCLI for testing API endpoints with. But will will display the token when it does the code to token exchange.

You can also probably pull the token from the .env file for the rig, which on MacOS is in ~/.twitch-cli/.twitch-cli.env I don’t know on windows.
But again, the CLI is for testing in the CLI not really for extracting the token for use elsewhere.