Determine if a user exists through the API?

Make a request to https://api.twitch.tv/kraken/channels/user_to_test.

If the user exists, you’ll get a whack of data about them:

{
  "name": "user_to_test",
  "game": "Dark Souls II",
  "created_at": "2011-02-24T01:38:43Z",
  "title": "user_to_test",
  "updated_at": "2012-06-18T05:22:53Z",
  "banner": "http://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/jtv_user_pictures/user_to_test-channel_header_image-7d10ec1bfbef2988-640x125.png",
  "video_banner": "http://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/jtv_user_pictures/user_to_test-channel_offline_image-bdcb1260130fa0cb.png",
  "background": "http://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/jtv_user_pictures/user_to_test-channel_background_image-eebc4eabf0686bb9.png",
  "_links": {. . .},
  "logo": "http://static-cdn.jtvnw.net/jtv_user_pictures/user_to_test-profile_image-7243b004a2ec3720-300x300.png",
  "_id": 20694610,
  "mature": true,
  "url": "http://www.twitch.tv/user_to_test",
  "display_name": "user_to_test"
}

If the user doesn’t exist, you’ll get a 404:

{
  "error":"Not Found",
  "status":404,
  "message":"Channel 'user_to_test' does not exist"
}

The API endpoint can be found here.